Artistic, descriptive and graphical development
DEAR YOUNG YOUNG FRIENDS! The editors of the monthly "Modelarz" will begin publishing tons of cardboard cutouts of scale models just for you, which will be published every 11th, or maybe even more often, in magazines such as this one, three times in this series. They will be easier and execution, but the explanations included with the given models and your care and precision in work will certainly make it not difficult for you to complete. The free time devoted to the construction of cardboard models will develop your patience, and the reward for your conscientiousness will be aesthetic work. and very pleasing to the eye silhouettes of various types of models. The first four models of gliders and airplanes are not difficult to make, and they will show you, on the same scale of 1:75, the appearance of given aircraft structures. Further types of gliders and airplanes will be developed in the same scale, which will allow you to create a nice collection of models. You will be able to get an idea of the size differences between the individual structures, which have been 75 times smaller than the original. You will learn to recognize different types of aircraft, and the informative descriptions will inform you about the technical details and performance of the structures: The time spent making models will be a pleasant entertainment on long winter evenings. Be sure to read each issue of "Modelarz", which will inform you about new cutouts that are about to be released for sale, and you will also find there a lot of interesting news from various fields of modeling. And now, together with the Editorial Team of "Modelarz", I wish you pleasant entertainment while producing models.
"ZUCH-2" TRAINING AIRCRAFT
On April 1, 1949, the prototype of the "Zuch-21" training aircraft was flown, which was produced at the Aviation Experimental Workshops. Good test results resulted in the fact that in the following months the L.W.D. made a small series of these aircraft. "Zuch-2" differed little structurally from its predecessor "Zuch-1", and the main difference between these planes was the use of engines; about the serial arrangement in "Zuch-1" and the star arrangement in "Zuch-2".
The "Zuch-2" plane is a single-engine, two-seat, cantilever, low-plane aircraft. The wings are tripartite with a trapezoidal outline and made of wooden construction, with the central part being integral with the fuselage. Static and dynamically balanced differential ailerons. These wings are equipped with "crocodile" flaps activated from the rear cabin by a manual lever. Hull of lattice structure welded from chrome-molybdenum tubes. A canvas covering was used on the wooden profile. The crew cabin is arranged in tandem, i.e. one behind the other, with the rear cabin being the main seat. The cabin cover made of organic glass consists of three parts: a windbreak permanently connected to the hull, a front part that opens to the side and a rear part that slides backwards. Both cabins were equipped with flight controls, with the directional rudder controls and seats adapted to be adjusted in flight. A free-standing empennage with a trapezoidal outline of a wooden structure. The rudders are statically and dynamically balanced and covered with fabric. The carefully profiled, free-standing chassis is equipped with oil-air shock absorbers. The chassis wheels are equipped with hydraulic brakes activated independently from both cabs. Tail wheel controlled by a steel spring. A 7-cylinder radial engine, type Siemens Sh-14, with a power of 150 HP, suspended on a bed of steel pipes and profiled with a NACA ring of reduced diameter with separate fairings above the head of each cylinder. There are air intakes for the carburetor on both sides of the hull, behind the engine. A wooden propeller with a constant pitch.
Technical data of the "Zuch-2" plane
Span 10.00 m
Length 7.35 m
Height 2.10 m
Bearing area 17.50 m2
Flight weight 1020 kg
Maximum speed 230 km/h
F-ulap 5000 m
Range 1175 km
The "Zuch-2" aircraft is the seventeenth aviation structure of the People's Republic of Poland in the department of aircraft constructed after World War II.
SZD-8 BIS HIGH PERFORMANCE glider "Jaskolka"
The prototype of the SZD-8 high-performance glider, designed by engineer T'adeusz Kostie, was flown in October 1951. In the next phase, it was carried out by Inz lnz. Justyn Sandauer and Adam Skarbinski, and with the cooperation of Tadeusz Kostia, the improvement and serial development of "Jaskolka" as the SZD-8 bis. The co-designer of a number of interesting details of the SZD-8 bis glider is also Eng. R. Zabwarnioki. This glider is characterized by, among others, very good maneuverability, pleasant piloting, high durability and comfort of the interior, It has been produced in series since 1952 and is the basic competition equipment of our flying clubs and glider schools. It is intended for day and night, high-altitude and long-duration flights on all types of climbs, including cloud and wave flights, and for aerobatic flights. Thanks to the achievement of many feats and records, both domestic and foreign, and winning the International Gliding Competition in Leszno in 1954, many countries became interested in purchasing "Jaskolek". As a result, this glider became a serious and interesting export item for our aviation industry, which was also contributed to by numerous fairs and exhibitions at which it was successfully presented.
The SZD-8 bis "Jaskolka" glider is a single-seat, single-seat, medium-plane, wooden structure, with the exception of the controls, ailerons and flaps, the entire structure is covered with plywood, and the above-mentioned parts are covered with canvas. It is equipped with the necessary devices to increase flight safety, such as position lights and cabin lighting. and an electric lightning protection system with charge dispersers. It is characterized by very quick assembly and disassembly, easy transport by 2 people and spacious luggage compartments in the wings and fuselage. It is also adapted to tow behind the aircraft at high speeds, which is very important when pulling this glider from long-distance flights. The wing of "J askolka" has a trapezoidal outline and is two-part, completely motorized. Both parts of the wing are connected by two wings, which are the only loose elements of the glider. The wing is held in the fuselage in a metal bridge on a wide base, and during assembly, all drive mechanisms and electric cables are connected automatically. The airtight ailerons are differentially propelled and aerodynamically balanced. Special wing flaps, partially retractable, facilitate the take-off, loading and circling of the glider. Plate-type air brakes are used to limit the speed during diving flights and increase the descent speed when approaching loading. The fuselage with a streamlined silhouette and an oval cross-section houses the pilot's cabin in its front part, equipped with a set of blind piloting instruments. For the pilot's convenience, adjustable pedals and a chair backrest were used. The pilot's cabin is covered with an imizyna, which is thrown away in flight in case of danger. The design of the Jcabin and its tightness ensures perfect visibility. The front plywood, a landing gear wheel that is retracted during flight, and a handle for transporting the rear section are other elements of the fuselage equipment. The self-supporting high-altitude empennage is folded when transported upwards, which is also very beneficial when hanging aircraft equipment.
Technical data of the SZD-Sbis “Jaskolka” glider:
Span 16.00 m
Length 7.42 m
Height 1.41
Bearing area 13.6 m2
Flight weight 330 KG
Maximum speed 250 km/h
Minimum speed 50 km/h
Perfection (at 82 km/h) 27
TWO-SEAT glider SZD-9 "STORK"
On March 11, 1952, the prototype of the SZD-9 "Bocian" high-performance glider was flown. as the first double-wing glider constructed after World War II in the People's Republic of Poland, and the third in Poland after the pre-war ITS and, Mewa. cross-country and training flights. It is characterized by a characteristic forward slant of the wings, a slim line and an aerodynamically favorable arrangement of the cabin for both pilots, providing them with very good visibility in all directions. A number of new design solutions, excellent advantages and results, as well as achieving many feats and records on the SZD-9 "Bocian" gliders placed this glider among the most modern gliders of this type in the world.
The SZD-9 "Bocian" glider is a two-wing, single-wing, medium-wing aircraft with an entirely wooden wing. two-part, two-girder and monocoque structure. The rear part of the wing is covered with canvas, the rest is covered with plywood. The two-part slotted feathers are covered with fabric. DFS brakes located in the wing are activated using levers from both cabins. The horizontal tail folds upwards for convenience during transport and to use the space during hangar. The horizontal stabilizer is covered with plywood and the rudders with canvas. The vertical stabilizer, covered with plywood, extends into the hull, creating a dorsal stabilizer. The hull has an elliptical cross-section and is a shell structure. Its equipment includes: a partial skid, a wheel for take-off and landing, hooks for taking off behind the plane, a winch and rubber ropes. The front part of the limousine opens to the side and the rear part slides backwards. Both parts of the limousine are ejected in flight in the event of danger. The arrangement of the on-board instrument panel is characteristic - it is located only in front of the front seat and is visible from the second seat, because the pilots follow one another at a considerable distance, which also facilitates better communication during the flight.
Technical specifications of the SZD-9 "Bocian" glider:
Span 18.00 rri
Length 7.95 m
Height 1.80 m
Bearing area 20.00 m2
Clezar in flight 500 kg
Maximum speed 200 km/h
Minimum speed 52 km/h
Perfection 26
In the glider constructions of the Polish People's Republic, the SZD-9 "Bocian" glider is listed as the fourteenth construction.
MIG-15 fighter plane
The constructors of this beautiful aircraft are Soviet engineers A. Mdkoyan and M. Guriewicz. The name of the world-famous MIG aircraft comes from their names. The prototype of the MIG-15 aircraft was first flown on December 30, 1947 and since then has undergone many improvements, which has placed it at the forefront of the best aircraft structures of this type. Built in large numbers, it has become the equipment of the military aviation of almost all socialist countries, thanks to its virtually proven combat advantages. Therefore, the MIG-15 is also the combat equipment of Polish air fighter units. Its beautiful silhouette often flies at high speed against the background of our sky. We had the opportunity to see him in many air shows. So, it will be right to get acquainted with its interesting design and characteristics.
The MIG-15 aircraft is a single-seat aircraft with a medium-plated, all-metal construction. The wings have a leading edge rake of 42°C and a negative lift of 2.5°C. The aileron control is supported by a hydraulic amplifier, and the ailerons are sealed and mass balanced. There are airflow vanes on the upper surface of the wings, two on each wing lobe. The hull is a shell structure consisting of two parts. In the front part there is a hernetic cabin with a sliding cover made of organic glass and an ejection seat. The rear part of the hull can be detached, which allows easy access to the engine and its quick replacement. There are also aerodynamic brakes in the rear part of the hull. Three-wheel chassis, in active mode the main wheels are hidden in the wings and the front wheels are hidden in the fuselage. The drive is a WK-1 turbojet engine with a thrust of 2,700 kG embedded in the frame. There is an air intake at the front of the fuselage, which is divided near the pilot's cabin. The armament consists of two guns.
Dane techniczne samolotu MIG-15 sa nastepujace:
Span 10.10 m
Length 11.10 m
Height 3.40 m
Dead weight 3700 KG
Weight in Ioele 5000 LG
Maximum speed 1200 km/h
Minimum speed 190 km/h
Pulap 15000 m
Flight time 2 hours
In the event of an emergency, the pilot is ejected from the jet aircraft. The MIG-15 also has such a device. It consists of: the pilot previously throws off the lining of the tight cabin and, by pressing the appropriate lever, sets off an explosive charge that throws the seat and the pilot out.
DESCRIPTION OF MODELS CONSTRUCTION
Before starting to make models, prepare the models on individual sheets. In no case should you rush, and it is best to spread the whole work over several evenings, which will ensure the cleanliness and correctness of the models. Each of the four cutouts is placed on a separate sheet, and the bases should be made in sequence according to the numbering of the sheets.
When building models, you will need: scissors, a razor knife, a knife with a sharp sharpener, a ruler, pins and glue. For gluing, it is best to use quick-drying acetone glue or "Syndetin" fish glue, and as a last resort, white plant glue, the so-called “office”. The individual elements of the models should be cut out carefully and precisely on the outer sides of the lines (part contours). The places of bending should be lightly cut with the tip of a knife in order to make the given part smoother and evener, outwards or inwards. In the latter case, it is best to mark the points between which we will make cuts on the other side of the cardboard by lightly pricking a pin in two corners of the line drawn on a given part of the box. Lubricate the gluing places with thinner glue.
Supporting drawings on the sheets and in the text explain how the models are assembled. In the reference drawings that we use when assembling the models, all parts are marked with the same numbers as on the sheets. On the back of the cut out items, write their names in soft lettering.
You should pay close attention to the accuracy of gluing according to the marked points and tangent lines, which will help you avoid distortions and curvatures of individual elements, which in case of any imperfections may spoil the entire effect of the work. In order to keep the carved models clean, you need to wash your hands often while gluing, and if, despite If dirt appears, it can be removed by gently wiping the areas with a damp cloth.
After getting acquainted with the given azo-feed indicators and explanations, proceed to making the first model. There is also a model of the "Zuch-2" aircraft. The accompanying diagram shows how to assemble parts of the model into a whole. The sequence of work is as follows.
The inscription of the title and the silhouette of the plane can be cut off equally, which can be used, for example, together with the finished model at school exhibitions. It should be noted that these models can also be made during school practical classes. We carefully cut out the fuselage parts (parts No. I and 2) and glue them together, not forgetting to glue a piece of the cut pin into the rear part of the fuselage to stiffen the tail pin. as illustrated in the pornographic drawing. We cut out the reinforcements for the wings and the horizontal fin (parts No. 3 and 4). we bend them along the dashed lines and glue both surfaces of each element together. Using a razor blade, we carefully cut out holes in the fuselage (white areas) into which we insert the wing and fin reinforcements. The guards visible on these parts should point towards the front of the hull. Next, I cut out the wings (parts No. 5 and 6). lightly cut the fold lines with a knife (the main one on the outside of the wing, and the red parts of the plywood fold line - on the non-printed side of the cardboard) and glue the separated wings, i.e. the right one. and then the left one, smearing glue only on the gluing edges to allow the wings to be slid onto the reinforcement glued to the fuselage. We lubricate the wings and the reinforcement (parts No. 3) and bend the plywood next to the wings, slide the wings onto the reinforcement and glue them to the fuselage in the places marked with black lines on both sides of the fuselage. Using the same cutting method, we bend and glue the horizontal stabilizer (parts No. 7 and 8) and glue it to the hull. Please note that the wing fins and tail plane were glued evenly in relation to the fuselage axis. We wait for the glue to dry and in the meantime we cut the chassis (parts no. 9-10 and 11-12). We bend the half-round plywood pieces previously cut with a knife on the unprinted side of the cardboard and glue the individual chassis legs together. We give the wings the appropriate elevation by bending their ends upwards according to the assembly drawing. The place of cutting the wings upwards is marked with a double line. We do this by pressing the end of the wing on the table with a ruler along the double line on the wing and bending the wing slightly upwards at the required angle. After bending both wings, we start gluing both parts of the landing gear in the marked cross-sections, strengthening the gluing with shortened pins, which we drive through the wing and into both planes of the landing gear legs. From a piece of old photographic film, from which the emulsion was previously washed with warm water, cut out according to the template - part no. 13 - which will imitate a spinning propeller. In this disc, we cut out a small hole with a razor blade and glue the front of the fuselage into it. We check whether all parts are glued evenly and we already have the first model ready.
Based on the above-mentioned dimensions, we make further models in the same way, e.g. the glider models, “Jaskolka 1” and “Bocian”, which are located on sheets 2 and 3.
The MIG-15 fighter jet model is a little more difficult to make. Before we start working, we need to decide whether we will make the model standing on the ground or whether it should represent the deer in flight. If we decide to perform it while standing on the ground, the steps to perform it are as follows. We cut out the hull parts 1, 2 and 3. In part 3 we cut out a blackened rectangle and in its place we fit a previously prepared piece of lead, flattened into a thin plate, which will weigh down the front of the model appropriately. We smear both parts of the hull with glue and glue them together, simultaneously gluing part No. 3 with a matching piece of lead into the front of the hull. Glue the wing and stabilizer reinforcements into the fuselage (arrows pointing towards the front of the fuselage). We proceed to gluing the wings. There are jet vanes on the wings (part no. 10, 11, 12 and 13). After gluing them and spreading the half-circular plywood pieces apart, we can stick them outside in the places marked with black lines on the top of the wings. Of course, we do this before gluing the wings to the fuselage. However, we will achieve a better effect. if, after bending the wings along the main lines, we make holes in appropriate places on the upper surfaces of the wings, into which we insert the semi-circular plywood blades of the planes and glue them on the uncolored side of these wing surfaces. Then, in a similar way as with the previous models, we glue each wing together and glue them to the fuselage. This way, the blades of the planes will hold better and the wings will look more attractive. After gluing the horizontal stabilizer to the fuselage, we glue the landing gear from underneath to the wings, composed of three parts under each wing. The frame part of the chassis consists of two elements No. 14 glued together, which constitute the main part of the chassis, the reinforcements which are glued from the part No. 18 folded in half lengthwise and the cover glued from two elements marked No. 16. The left part of the chassis consists of identical parts marked as numbers 15, 19 and 17, respectively. The drawing on the sheet shows how to glue the chassis and other parts.
If the intention is not to make the model in a second version. i.e. depicting a self plane in Iota, we do not paste part No. 3 together with lead into the fuselage, because it is unnecessary, because the lead will load the front of the model when it stands on the chassis. Then, cut off the front chassis wheel together with its longitudinal cover from the fuselage. It also does not stick to the landing gear wings (parts no. 14 to 19), as we consider the landing gear to be retracted in flight. In places of black spots on the undersides of the wings, stick on the black spots with glue sticks no.
This way we have made all four models. We can even out any minor irregularities in the models with sandpaper. Places where clean cardboard (not printed) is visible can be colored with appropriate ink or water-based dye, and any glue stains can be cleaned with a damp cloth. Set up all models and admire your work.